The nurse teaches a group of students about phenytoin. Which of the following statements would indicate understanding?
The nurse teaches a group of students about phenytoin. Which of the following statements would indicate understanding?
A. "Phenytoin is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) commonly used for epilepsy."
[21%]
B. "The therapeutic range of phenytoin is 10-20 mcg/mL, and levels above this range can lead to toxicity."
[66%]
C. "Phenytoin is contraindicated in clients with Parkinson's disease due to potential exacerbation of symptoms."
[11%]
D. "Phenytoin is primarily metabolized by the liver and has no significant drug interactions."
[2%]
Statistics
Subject/Lesson
Subject
Pharmacology
Lesson
Neurologic
Client Need
Test Plan
Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies
Related Topic
Expected Actions/Outcomes
Item Type
Item Type
Knowledge/Comprehension
Explanation
Choice B is correct. Phenytoin has a narrow therapeutic range, and maintaining drug levels within the 10-20 mcg/mL range is essential for effective seizure control. Levels above the therapeutic range can result in phenytoin toxicity, characterized by symptoms such as nystagmus, ataxia, and confusion.
Choice A is incorrect. Phenytoin belongs to the class of antiepileptic drugs known as hydantoins and works by stabilizing neuronal membranes and decreasing seizure activity.
Choice C is incorrect. Phenytoin is not contraindicated in clients with Parkinson's disease. However, it may have some extrapyramidal side effects and can potentially worsen Parkinson's symptoms in some individuals.
Choice D is incorrect. Phenytoin is extensively metabolized by the liver, primarily through the CYP450 enzyme system. It is known to have numerous drug interactions,
Related Videos
2 Key Topics
Anticonvulsants (Phenytoin)
16.3 Neuro Pharmacology
Additional Info
✓ Phenytoin has been used as a first-line drug for many years, it is indicated for the management of tonic-clonic and partial seizures.
✓ Phenytoin has many advantages for long-term therapy. It is usually well tolerated, highly effective, and relatively inexpensive. It can also be given intravenously if needed. Most often, however, phenytoin is taken orally.
✓ Teach the client and family that serum drug levels are checked every 6 to 12 hours after the loading dose and then 2 weeks after oral phenytoin has started. The desired serum therapeutic range is 10 to 20 mcg/mL
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