The nurse is caring for a client who is two years old. The nurse should plan care knowing that this client is in which stage of Erikson's stages of psychosocial development?
The nurse is caring for a client who is two years old. The nurse should plan care knowing that this client is in which stage of Erikson's stages of psychosocial development?
A. Initiative vs. Guilt
[12%]
B. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
[63%]
C. Industry vs. Inferiority
[3%]
D. Trust vs. Mistrust
[22%]
Statistics
Subject/Lesson
Subject
Child Health
Lesson
Growth & Development
Client Need
Test Plan
Health Promotion and Maintenance
Related Topic
Development Stages and Transitions
Item Type
Item Type
Application
Explanation
Choice B is correct. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt is the typical stage of development for early childhood, which lasts from ages 2 to 3 years, so this is what the nurse would expect for her 2-year-old patient. In Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt, children seek to develop a sense of personal control over physical skills and knowledge of independence. When they are successful, for example, with a task like toilet training, they feel independent, leading to a sense of autonomy. When they are not successful, they think they are a failure, resulting in shame and self-doubt.
Choice A is incorrect. Initiative vs. Guilt is the typical stage of development for preschool children, who are 3 to 5-year-olds, not your 2-year-old patient. In Initiative vs. Guilt, children start to assert control and power over their environment. Success leads to initiative when they feel a sense of purpose, but children who try to exert too much power and experience disapproval end up feeling guilty.
Choice C is incorrect. Industry vs. Inferiority is the typical stage of development for school-age children, who are 6 to 11-year-olds, not your 2-year-old patient. Children need to cope with new social and academic demands in this stage. When they are successful with this, they feel competent and achieve in the industry. When they are not successful, they handle failure, resulting in inferiority.
Choice D is incorrect. Trust vs. Mistrust is the typical stage of development for infancy, which lasts from birth to 18 months, not your 2-year-old patient. Children develop a sense of trust in this stage when caregivers provide reliability, care, and affection. When infants do not have that, they will build mistrust.
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3 Key Topics
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